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Austen |
Location
Austen was located “about seven and a half miles south of the town of Sidney [the current county seat] (1) and comprised the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 10, township 67, range 42 . . . Austin consisted of but one or two houses, the principal one of which was the store and residence of A. H. Argyle.” (2)
It was located in Franklin Township. (3)
Austen sat “on west bank of Nishnabotna River (perhaps at or near NE Sec. 11, Washington Twp. 67N, R42W).” (4)
History
“ [This] community [was] not founded by the Latter-day Saint pioneers but [was] one in which they resided.” (5)
The early residents of what became Fremont County objected to the LDS presence in the region. “With increase of population the balance of power began to change and opinions adverse to Mormon government and Mormon doctrines began to find expression in overt action. In October, 1848, a public meeting for political purposes was called and held at the Wahbonsie Indian Agency's Cabin, some four or five miles northwest of the present site of Tabor, near the residence of John Lambert, son of Ezekiel Lambert. There were perhaps forty or fifty persons present, and among them were I. D. Blanchard, L. W. Platt, G. B. Gaston, D. P. Matthews, Charles W. Tolles, J. B. Hall, and the Rev. John Todd. During the progress of the meeting a paper was drawn up and signed, petitioning the legislature to organize a county in southwestern Iowa , with the belief that it could be successfully controlled by the Gentiles. J. E. Hall and John Todd, who were then in the county in search of an eligible site for a new town contemplated by a body of men in Oberlin, Ohio, were about to set out across the state on their return home. To them the petition was entrusted, with instructions to place it in the hands of the first member of the Iowa legislature that they might find. They soon after set out for Ohio on horseback, but found no member of the legislature until they reached Fairfield . Here they were directed to a Mr. Baker, a blacksmith, whom they found in his shop at work. On informing him that they had a little business which they wished through him to present to the legislature, he seated himself on his anvil and gave them audience. They at once presented him the petition entrusted to them, and volunteered cogent arguments of their own, in their endeavor to further the cause of the residents of the Missouri bottom, and requested him to submit the same to the next General Assembly of the state. That petition was never heard of until many years after. It was then learned from Mr. Baker himself, who afterwards removed to Council Bluffs , that he judged it all a Mormon project, and that he had never presented the petition to the legislature at all. Mr. Baker's hasty judgment hardly does the General Assembly, as a body, justice, but it is possible men were more justifiable in those early days than now in entertaining opinions of a suspicious character.
“Whether this petition had any influence upon Mr. Baker when he voted is a thing from its very nature not to be determined. In the year in which he was to present it (1849) the county was, nevertheless organized, but whether by reason of a petition is not known. Previous to that year, the county was attached to Polk county for political and judicial purposes. It began an independent existence when David M. English, the appointed organizing sheriff, and the people, by the selection of officers, declared themselves an official part of the great state of Iowa .
“The first election, pursuant to the proclamation of the organizing sheriff, was held in April 1849, at which David Jones, William K. McKissick, and Isaac Hunsaker were elected county commissioners; Milton Richards, clerk of district court; A. H. Argyle, clerk of county court, and David M. English, sheriff; T. L. Buckham, treasurer and collector; S. T. Cromwell, inspector of weights and measures.” (6)
Describing multiple communities where the Latter-day Saints lived, including Austen (or Austin), one turn-of-the-century historian wrote, “Strictly, they were not villages or even hamlets, merely the collection within easy distance of a handful of farm houses in a grove on a creek, with a school or church and perhaps a mill or trader's stock. They resembled rather the ideal farm communities or settlements of some modern sociologists.” (7)
“At the time of the organization of the county, the county seat . . . was at Austin in what is now Franklin township . . . [In the store/home of A. H. Argyle], the county commissioners met, and here the first term of the district court was ‘begun and holden.' The proceedings of both of these tribunals, while of great future importance, were void of all pomp and circumstance and almost free from dignity. The county court was held in the store room of Mr. Argyle, the gentleman who is clerk. The commissioners when in session occupied seats upon nail kegs or boxes, or upon the counter. Everything was done decently and in good order, and there were few, if any, mistakes made either in legislation or in the execution of law.
“But the glory of Austin has departed and the place that knew it once knows it no more forever. The re-location of the county seat was the weight that pulled it down—the wound that dilled it. It was once known far and near as the capital of Fremont county, the old United States Gazetteer for 1849 so mentions it. There was a good road, at least a plain one, running through the place from east to west and one from north to south, and Mr. Argyle operated a ferry across the Nishnabotany, in those days the only one for miles on either side of the river.” (8)
“A description of [Mr. Argyle's store] may prove both interesting and valuable, and, to insure accuracy, will be given to the reader in the very language and form of the articles of contract under which it was built:
This article, made and entered into between Thomas R. King, of the first part, and Thomas E. Tootle, of the second part, both of the county of Atchinson and state of Missouri .
Witnesseth, that I, the said King, agree to furnish all the materials and built a hewed-log store-house 20 by 26 feet large, one story high, with shingle roof, a good jointed floor, two doors, two windows with shutters; counter on one side, and end shelving on two sides and one end, at the direction of the said Tootle six drawers under the base shelf of one side; to be ceiled overhead with good seasoned plank, or will be lathed and plastered, the house to be white-painted out and inside with lime and sand, the corners to be sawed down, the logs for the above building to face, when hewed, not less than 12 inches. Said building is to be finished complete for use, of good materials, and to be done in a good and workmanlike manner, by the tenth day of April next. For which the said Tootle is to pay said King one hundred and five dollars.
Given under our hand this 8th March, 1848.
Thomas R. King.
Thomas E. Tootle.
“This building subsequently passed into the hands of A. H. Argyle, and to further history, as a court-house.” (9)
Apparently, Mr. Argyle's store also served as the post office. The Austin post office was located “Four miles northeast of Hamburg on west bank of Nishnabotna River (perhaps at or near NE Sec. 11, Washington Twp. 67N, R42W). Established August 23, 1847, A. H. Argyle; renamed HAMBURGH February 11, 1860.” (10)
Austin is a “ Locale in Fremont County , Iowa , USA .
Latitude: 40.63667 : Longitude: -95.64778” (11)
Map of Austin Cemetery in Fremont County . This may have been an LDS cemetery.
Map of Beehive Cemetery , also in Fremont County . This is likely an LDS cemetery.
Notes:
1. www.epodunk.com
2. Iowa Historical Company, History of Fremont County, Iowa, Containing A History of the County, its Cities, Towns, Etc.: a biographical directory of many of its leading citizens, war record of its volunteers in the late rebellion, general and local statistics, portraits of early settlers and prominent men, history of Iowa and the northwest, map of Fremont county, constitution of the state of Iowa, reminiscences, miscellaneous matters, etc. (Des Moines: Iowa Historical Company, 1881), 376.
3. I owa Historical Company, History of Fremont County , Iowa , 376.
4. Guy Reed Ramsey, Postmarked Iowa : A List of Discontinued and Renamed Post Offices (Crete, Nebraska: J-B Publishing Company, 1976), 167.
5. www.pioneerresearchgroup.org
6. I owa Historical Company, History of Fremont County , Iowa , 372-373.
7. Clyde B. Aitchison, The Mormon Settlements in the Missouri Valley . A Paper Presented by Clyde B. Aitchison, of Council Bluffs , Iowa , before the annual meeting of the Nebraska State Historical Society, January 11, 1899 (Lincoln, Nebraska, 1907), 23.
8. Iowa Historical Company, History of Fremont County , Iowa , 376.
9. Iowa Historical Company, History of Fremont County , Iowa , 377.
10. Ramsey, Postmarked Iowa: A List of Discontinued and Renamed Post Offices , 167.
11. www.placenames.com |
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Dawsonburg |
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Location
Dawsonburg is located within Green Township (1).
History
Jacob Dawson appears to have been a prominent resident and likely the one for whom the community of Dawsonburg was named. He owned the newspaper, The Frontier Guardian and Iowa Sentinel, which was printed in Kanesville (2). He also acted as a “Claim and General Land Agent” for Fremont and Mills counties (3). He operated out of Kanesville in this occupation, also (4). At the time he bought The Frontier Guardian and began editing the same under its new name (i.e. - The Frontier Guardian and Iowa Sentinel) in February 1852, he claimed to have had some editing or newspaper management experience previously (5). In fact, he had worked for the Pittsburgh Gazette. The Frontier Guardian spoke very highly of Dawson, saying that he was “not a Mormon, but apparently one of those liberal minded, unassuming men, whose well known qualifications for the business cannot fail to render him an acceptable citizen” (6). Dawson was also a lawyer who worked out of the newspaper office and “practice[d] in the 6 th Judicial District, of Iowa” (7). He later moved his law office to Sidney, Iowa (8). He eventually sold his interest in the paper to A. C. Ford, who apparently was his business partner at one point. Ford eventually had to quit printing the paper because he was losing money on it (9).
Dawsonburg had a post office from February 14, 1851 to January 14, 1858. It was run by Jacob Dawson (10).
Cemeteries
There is a Dawsonburg-Gaylord Cemetery in Green Township of Fremont County. Apparently no stones or records indicate the burial of any of the Dawson family in the cemetery (11).
Notes:
1. Guy Reed Ramsey, Postmarked Iowa; A List of Discontinued and Renamed Post Offices (Crete, Nebraska: J-B Publishing Company, 1976), 166-67; http://iagenweb.org/fremont/maps/abandonedtowns.htm (accessed 10-04-2006); http://www.iowaghosttowns.com/freemontcounty.html (accessed 10-04-2006); Richard Kearnes, “Dawsonburg or Gaylord Cemetery,” http://www.angelfire.com/ia/footprintsintime/footprintscemetery.html.
2. Myrtle Stevens Hyde, comp., Kanesville Advertisements (Ogden, UT: Myrtle Stevens Hyde, 1993), 205.
3. Hyde, Kanesville Advertisements, 242-243.
4. Hyde, Kanesville Advertisements, 179.
5. Hyde, Kanesville Advertisements, 144.
6. Myrtle Stevens Hyde, comp., Kanesville Conditions (Ogden, UT: Myrtle Stevens Hyde, 1997), 97.
7. Hyde, Kanesville Advertisements, 147, 191.
8. Hyde, Kanesville Advertisements, 213, 233.
9. Hyde, Kanesville Conditions, 110, 122.
10. Ramsey, Postmarked Iowa; A List of Discontinued and Renamed Post Offices, 166-67; D. C. Mott, “Abandoned Towns, Villages and Post Offices of Iowa,” The Annals of Iowa, vols. XVII-XVIII, 1930-1932, contributed to the website by Gail Harper as “Abandoned Towns of Fremont County,” http://iagenweb.org/fremont/maps/abandonedtowns.htm (accessed 10-04-2006); “Iowa Ghost Towns: Fremont County, Iowa,” http://www.iowaghosttowns.com/freemontcounty.html (accessed 10-04-2006); Richard Kearnes, “Dawsonburg or Gaylord Cemetery,” http://www.angelfire.com/ia/footprintsintime/footprintscemetery.html.
11.“ Dawsonburg-Gaylord Cemetery, Green Twp., Fremont County, Iowa,” http://iagenweb.org/fremont/cemetery/dawsonburggaylordcem.htm; Richard Kearnes, “Dawsonburg or Gaylord Cemetery,” http://www.angelfire.com/ia/footprintsintime/footprintscemetery.html.
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Hamburg |
Painting: Hamburg by Moonlight, courtesy IAGenWeb 2004
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Link to Fremont County pictures: http://iagenweb.org/fremont/gallery/historical-view.htm
Hamburg, Iowa is located in Franlkin Township, described in History of Fremont County, Iowa as "one of the wealthiest and best in the county." (1)
From History of Fremont County, Iowa: "THE TOWN OF HAMBURG.
"The metropolis of Fremont county is the town of Hamburg. Its location is peculiar, being almost exactly in the southwestern corner of the state, on sections 21, 22, 27, 28. in township 67, north of range No. 42, west of the 5th principal meridian. In that vague and undefined period known as 'long ago,' there was a steamboat landing on the Missouri river a little below the site of the present town. This landing was called 'the narrows,' 'Lewis' landing,' and perhaps by other names. Very many of the settlers now living in the county remember that where the town now stands once grew rosin weeds and 'cat-tails' thick and rank and tall as a man. Up the valley in which the town is situated and along where Main street now runs, the weeds were so large and thickly sown as to render passage almost impossible--equal to a cane-brake.
"To this uninviting locality first came Augustus Borchers in 1847. Mr. Borchers was fresh from Germany, and had come to the new world 'to seek the fortune,' as the phrase goes. Here, at the foot of 'the bluff,' near where the fine public school building now stands, he opened a store for the purpose of trade with the Indians and the pioneers. At last Mr. Borchers 'builded a city.' Late in the year 1858, the town was surveyed and laid off by Col. Wm. Dewey and A. F. Harvey. The original proprietors of the town were Aug. Borchers, Job Matthews, A. Travis, Henry Brumbick, and Harvey & Rector. The town was christened Hambuerg, by Mr. Borchers, in honor of his birth-place, the famed free city of the Fatherland. The first residence was that of Mr. Borchers, where he now lives. The first business house in the place was a two-story log building erected and occupied by Jacob McKissick in 1858.
"The new town gradually increased in importance. The landing known as 'the narrows,' was now called Hamburg landing. To this point goods were shipped from the eastern markets destined for Frankfort, Clarinda, Bedford, Quincy, and other points in southwestern Iowa, and hauled to their destinations in wagons. The town became quite a trading point, and was known far and wide. April 1, 1867, the town was incorporated, and in December of the same year, the first railroad, the K. C., St. J. & C. B., was built to the place. February 9, 1876, it was declared to be a city of the second class.
"The town is divided into four wards. The first ward comprises all the territory within the city limits west of the center of Main street and north of Willow creek. The second ward comprises all that portion of the city east of the center of Main street, north of Willow creek and south of 'G' street. The third ward is included in the territory within the city limits south of Willow creek. The fourth ward consists of the territory east of the center of Main street and north of 'G' street. There have been added to the town since it was originally laid out the following additions: Nuckolls', Phelps' Railroad, and East Hamburg. Phelps addition was added November 11, 1874. The dates of the annexation of the others are not accessible." (2)
"Owing to the failure of very many of the citizens of the place to contribute information and otherwise aid in the preparation of this history, no very full and accurate description of the town of Hamburg and its history can be given. The people have seemed too much engrossed with personal matters and concerns to co-operate with the publishers in setting forth the character of their town as it should be, and have withheld certain information obtainable from no one but themselves." (3)
"POSITION AND DESCRIPTION.
"The town is situated immediately on the west side of the Nishnabotany river about three and a half miles above where that stream empties into the Missouri, and about three miles east of the eastern bank of the 'Big Muddy.' The streets run north northeast and south southwest, and nearly east and west. Protecting the northern portion of the town like a huge parapet or Chinese wall, rises on the west a bluff, from the top of which a clear view of portions of the states of Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska, may be seen on almost any day. Few, indeed, are those who visit Hamburg and do not ascend this huge promontory and 'view the landscape o'er.' Peru and Nebraska City, Nebraska, Watson, Missouri, Riverton and Eastport, Iowa, are all plainly visible from the eminence. The town itself is about a mile and a half in length by half a mile in width. Its business streets are well built with fine, substantial buildings. The pominent buildings are those of Frank Gilman, the Hamburg House, Booton's Opera House block, the Post-office block, etc." (4)
Notes:
1. History of Fremont County, Iowa, Containing a History of the County, Its Cities, Towns, Etc.: A Biographical Directory of Many of Its Leading Citizens, War Record of Its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of Iowa and the Northwest, Map of Fremont County, Constitution of the State of Iowa, Reminiscences, Miscellaneous Matters, etc. Illustrated (Des Moines: Iowa Historical Company, 1881), 548.
2. History of Fremont County, Iowa, 548-549.
3. History of Fremont County, Iowa, 549.
4. History of Fremont County, Iowa, 549-550.
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Bartlett
(Osage)
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Map from the 1875 Atlas of Fremont County, Iowa, courtesy Iowa GenWeb
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While it is not certain that the town of Osage was in the same location as the present-day town of Bartlett, the latter is at least in the same general area. Osage was the name of a post office from 1851 to 1859 and was located "in the northwestern part of Scott Township." (1)
Pioneer James Holt recorded in 1847, "The next spring, Brigham sent word for us to come back to the Bluffs. We were now without provisions and Emmett took a horse and started on ahead to obtain means to get provisions; he agreed to meet us at a certain place, but did not until we got to Mousquite Creek, near our journey's end and we suffered greatly for want of food, but by hunting wild animals and fowls, we were kept from starving. At the Bluffs our company was broken up. Emmett and a few of us went down on the Waupensee Creek and took up farms, in Fremont County , Iowa, we sowed buckwheat, planted potatoes and raised a crop.
“My first child by my wife Parthenia died on the 10 th of August 1847. We remained here for several years and began to accumulate means. There was all manner of wild fruit, grape, raspberry, blackberry, mulberry, strawberry and nuts of all kinds that would grow in cold climate, a great amount of wild game, deer, elk, coon, turkeys and other fouls, fish, honey bees, all kinds of timber." (2)
The "Waupensee Creek" James Holt wrote about was actually Wabonsie Creek. Wabonsie Lake cane been seen in the above map of Scott Township. Holt and his wife, Parthenia Overton, gave birth to a son, James Overton Holt, on 8 October 1848. The baby's birth record lists him as being born in Bartlett, Fremont, Iowa.(3) Thus, it is assumed that the family lived in Barlett.
Click here to see a record of the travels of the Holt family
Notes:
1. "Abandoned Towns, Villages and Post Offices of Iowa," reprinted from The Annals of Iowa, vols. 17 and 18, 1930-1932 by D. C. Mott.
2. Maurine Winsor Farnsworth Thompson, James and Mary Pain (Payne) Holt, James and Parthenia Overton Holt: Ancestors and Descendants (published by compiler, 1995), 46.
3. Family Data Collection, www.ancestry.com. |
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Plum Hollow |
Plum Hollow, Scott Township, Fremont County, Iowa 1875 Atlas of Fremont County, Iowa.
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Plum Hollow was one of the earliest Latter-day Saint (LDS) settlements in the Middle Missouri Valley. The Hogan family came to Plum Hollow before the winter of 1846-47, and continued living there until 1848. Erik (or Erick) Hogan was the father of this family, and at one point—probably early in their stay at Plum Hollow—he took a trip to Missouri to trade his broadcloth suit for food. During their time at Plum Hollow, the family made significant improvements to the place in which they lived: they “built a log house and a corral,” and “clear[ed] and fence[d] fifteen acres” of land, which they planted with corn. While Erik tried unsuccessfully to sell the corn, his son, Goudy, went to Fort Kearney to work as a teamster for four months. His wages were $20 per month, and the money he saved allowed his family to buy the provisions they needed for the journey west.
“In the spring of 1848,” the Hogan family agreed to exchange their improvements for George P. Dykes’ home in Salt Lake City. The family traveled with the Brigham Young Company of that year, and arrived safely in the Salt Lake Valley. However, when the Hogan family arrived in Salt Lake City, they found no house belonging to Brother Dykes (1). Goudy Hogan estimated the value of the improvements that they lost in Iowa as a result of the failed trade to have been several hundred dollars (2).
Goudy wrote in his autobiography that Plum Hollow was also known to some as “Zabriskey Hollow” (3). The name is fitting, considering there were two Zabriskie families in Plum Hollow (4). There is one reference to “Zabriskies Hollow” in the Frontier Guardian; curiously there is a reference to Plumb Hollow Branch in the newspaper of the same date. The coincidence of two different names for the same place appearing in the newspaper does not necessarily mean that there is an error. It is possible, for example, that the death notice was sent by the family of the deceased, that the schedule of appointments of Elder Benson—who was slated to visit Zabriskies Hollow, Thursday, December 4, 1851 at six o’clock in the evening—was sent by someone else, and that the typesetter simply set the type according to what he was given (5).
The history of Plumb Hollow includes some events of interest. Ann Amanda Gifford was born in Plum Hollow on 11 March 1850 to Henry D. and Elmira (or Almyra) Ann Braffett (6). Also, at least some of the residents of Plum Hollow used a threshing machine rather than a manual method to process their harvested grain in 1850 (7).
The Frontier Guardian had two “agents” in Plumb Hollow at different times. Henry D. Gifford became the first Frontier Guardian representative for Plumb Hollow in Jan 1851 (8). In July of the same year, Andrew B. Williams took over as agent for the village (9).
Two deaths occurred in Plumb Hollow within a month of each other. One was Joseph Hiram Robertson, who died 1 November 1851. He was the infant child (at most twelve months old) of James and Elizabeth Robertson. The second death was Mary Scroggie, Archibald Scroggie’s wife. Mary died 12 October 1851 at thirty-one years of age (10).
The largest numbers of the saints in Plumb Hollow left for Utah in 1851 and 1852, although other families trickled out in 1848 and 1849 as well (11).
There were two towns with the name, “Plum Hollow.” One was in Fremont County, which later became Fremont City. There was a branch of the RLDS Church called Plum Hollow here, also. Plum Hollow became Fremont City in 1856, but the name “Plum Hollow” persisted in the mail system for some time afterwards (12). This community was later known as Thurman (13).
The other Plum Hollow was situated six miles north of Kanesville (14). The pioneers who are on the LDS Plum Hollow Branch list lived in this settlement (15).
William A. Beebe served as bishop of the LDS branch (16).
Notes:
(1) William Mulder, “Norwegian Forerunners Among the Early Mormons,” Norwegian-American Studies (vol. 19, p. 54), accessed 10/27/2006 at http://www.stolaf.edu/naha/pubs/nas/volume19/vol19_3.htm.
(2) Goudy Ericsen Hogan, unpublished autobiography, Salt Lake City, Utah: Church Archives, 5 (excerpt available at http://www.lds.org/churchhistory/library/source/0,18016,4976-4573,00.html, accessed 10/27/2006).
(3) Hogan, unpublished autobiography, 5.
(4) Ron Watt, Iowa Branches Membership Index, 1838-1858 ( Salt Lake City, Utah: Historical Department of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, c1991), 66; United States Federal Census, 1850, www.ancestry.com, www.heritagequestonline.com, image 78.
(5) Myrtle Stevens Hyde, Kanesville Conditions (Ogden, Utah: Myrtle Stevens Hyde, 1997), 89.
(6) Frank Esshom, Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah (Salt Lake City: Utah Pioneers Book Publishing Co., 1913), 1019.
(7) Myrtle Stevens Hyde, Kanesville Advertisements (Ogden, UT: Myrtle Stevens Hyde, 1993), 45.
(8) Hyde, Kanesville Conditions, 65.
(9) Hyde, Kanesville Conditions, 79.
(10) Lyndon W. Cook, Death and Marriage Notices from the Frontier Guardian: 1849-1852 ( Orem, Utah: Center for Research of Mormon Origins, c1990), 19; United States Federal Census, 1850, 77-79.
(11) “Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel, 1847-1868: Stowe, James Philomen,” “Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel, 1847-1868: Zabriskie, Lewis,” “Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel, 1847-1868: Malcolm, David,” “Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel, 1847-1868: Gifford, Henry D.,” “Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel, 1847-1868: Woodward, Joseph Hague,” “Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel, 1847-1868: Woodward, Margaret Molyneaux Barnes,” “Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel, 1847-1868: Allred, Wiley Payne,” “Zabrisky ( or Zabriskie), Henry,” http://www.lds.org/churchhistory; Watt, Iowa Branches Membership Index, 1838-1858, 66.
(12) History of Fremont County, Iowa: Containing a History of the County, its Cities, Towns, etc., a Biographical Directory of Many of its Leading Citizens, War Record of its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistic, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of Iowa and the Northwest, Map of Fremont County, Constitution of the State of Iowa, Reminiscences, Miscellaneous Matters, etc. (Des Moines: Iowa Historical Company, 1881), 611.
(13) Pearl Wilcox, Roots of the Reorganized Latter Day Saints in Southern Iowa ( Independence, MO: P. G. Wilcox, c1989), 227-231; Gail Holmes, “BYU Tour, June 5-7, 2006,” Middle Missouri Valley Genealogical Project notebook, Jeanne Gubler, comp., unpublished papers, divider section 10, p. 2; Guy Reed Ramsey, Postmarked Iowa: A List of Discontinued and Renamed Post Offices (Crete, Nebraska: J-B Publishing Company, 1976), 168.
(14) Hyde, Advertisements, 167, 215.
(15) Ron Watt, Iowa Branches Membership Index, 1838-1858 (Salt Lake City, UT: Historical Department of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1991), 66; compare with people mentioned in other sources relating to Plumb Hollow (e.g.—Hyde, Advertisements, 167, 215).
(16) Maurine Ward Carr and Fred E. Woods, “The ‘Kanesville Post Office Petition’ Petition for the Saints of Kanesville, Iowa,” Mormon Historical Studies, vol. 5, no. 1 (Spring 2004), 159. |
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